Carimune IGIV

Generic Name: immune globulin (intravenous) (IGIV) (im MYOON GLOB yoo lin)

Brand Names: Carimune, Flebogamma, Gammagard (obsolete), Gammagard S/D, Gammaplex, Gammar-P I.V., Gamunex, Octagam, Polygam S/D, Privigen, Sandoglobulin

What is immune globulin intravenous (IVIG)?

Immune globulin intravenous is a sterilized solution made from human plasma. It contains the antibodies to help your body protect itself against infection from various diseases.

Immune globulin is used to treat primary immune deficiency, and to reduce the risk of infection in individuals with poorly functioning immune systems such as those with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). IGIV is also used to increase platelets (blood clotting cells) in people with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and to prevent aneurysm caused by a weakening of the main artery in the heart associated with Kawasaki syndrome.

Immune globulin is also used to treat chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), a debilitating nerve disorder that causes muscle weakness and can affect daily activities.

Immune globulin may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about immune globulin?

Immune globulin can harm your kidneys, and this effect is increased when you also use certain other medicines harmful to the kidneys. Before using immune globulin, tell your doctor about all other medications you use. Many other drugs (including some over-the-counter medicines) can be harmful to the kidneys.

Before using immune globulin intravenous, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease, diabetes (especially if you use insulin), a history of stroke or blood clot, heart disease, high blood pressure, a condition called paraproteinemia, or if you are over 65 years old.

To be sure this medicine is helping your condition and is not causing harmful effects, your blood will need to be tested often. Your kidney function may also need to be tested. Visit your doctor regularly.

This medication can cause unusual results with certain blood glucose tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using immune globulin.

Immune globulin is made from human plasma (part of the blood) which may contain viruses and other infectious agents. Donated plasma is tested and treated to reduce the risk of it containing infectious agents, but there is still a small possibility it could transmit disease. Talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits of using this medication.

What should I discuss with my health care provider before using immune globulin?

You should not use this medication if you have ever had an allergic reaction to an immune globulin or if you have immune globulin A (IgA) deficiency with antibody to IgA.

To make sure you can safely use immune globulin, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:

• 
  

  kidney disease;

  
  


• 
  

  diabetes (especially if you use insulin);

  
  


• 
  

  a history of stroke or blood clot;

  
  


• 
  

  heart disease or high blood pressure;

  
  


• 
  

  a condition called paraproteinemia; or

  
  


• 
  

  if you are over 65 years old.

  
  

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether immune globulin will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known if immune globulin passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

Immune globulin is made from human plasma (part of the blood) which may contain viruses and other infectious agents. Donated plasma is tested and treated to reduce the risk of it containing infectious agents, but there is still a small possibility it could transmit disease. Talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits of using this medication.

How is immune globulin intravenous given?

Immune globulin intravenous is injected into a vein through an IV. You may be shown how to use an IV at home. Do not self-inject this medicine if you do not fully understand how to give the injection and properly dispose of used needles, IV tubing, and other items used to inject the medicine.

IVIG should not be injected into a muscle or under the skin.

Do not use the medication if it has changed colors or has particles in it. Call your doctor for a new prescription. Throw away any unused medicine that is left over after injecting your dose.

Use each disposable needle only one time. Throw away used needles in a puncture-proof container (ask your pharmacist where you can get one and how to dispose of it). Keep this container out of the reach of children and pets.

IVIG is usually given every 3 to 4 weeks. Your dosing schedule may be different. Follow your doctor's instructions.

Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results.

To be sure this medicine is helping your condition and is not causing harmful effects, your blood will need to be tested often. Your kidney function may also need to be tested. Visit your doctor regularly.

This medication can cause unusual results with certain blood glucose tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using immune globulin.

Some brands of immune globulin should be stored in a refrigerator, while others can be kept at room temperature. Follow the directions on your prescription label or ask your pharmacist if you have questions about how to store the medication. Do not allow the medicine to freeze.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Call your doctor for instructions if you miss a dose of this medication.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

What should I avoid while using immune globulin?

Do not receive a "live" vaccine while using IVIG. The vaccine may not work as well during this time, and may not fully protect you from disease. Live vaccines include measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), oral polio, typhoid, chickenpox (varicella), BCG (Bacillus Calmette and Guérin), and nasal flu vaccine.

Immune globulin side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:

• 
  

  urinating less than usual or not at all;

  
  


• 
  

  drowsiness, confusion, mood changes, increased thirst, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting;

  
  


• 
  

  swelling, weight gain, feeling short of breath;

  
  


• 
  

  wheezing, chest tightness;

  
  


• 
  

  feeling like you might pass out;

  
  


• 
  

  fever with headache, neck stiffness, chills, increased sensitivity to light, purple spots on the skin, and/or seizure (convulsions); or

  
  


• 
  

  pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, fever, confusion or weakness.

  
  

Less serious side effects may include:

• 
  

  mild headache;

  
  


• 
  

  dizziness;

  
  


• 
  

  tired feeling;

  
  


• 
  

  back pain, muscle cramps;

  
  


• 
  

  minor chest pain; or

  
  


• 
  

  flushing (warmth, redness, or tingly feeling).

  
  

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect immune globulin?

Immune globulin can harm your kidneys. This effect is increased when you also use other medicines harmful to the kidneys. You may need dose adjustments or special tests if you have recently used:

• 
  

  lithium (Lithobid);

  
  


• 
  

  methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall);

  
  


• 
  

  pain or arthritis medicines such as aspirin (Anacin, Excedrin), acetaminophen (Tylenol), diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren), etodolac (Lodine), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), indomethacin (Indocin), meloxicam (Mobic), nabumetone (Relafen), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), piroxicam (Feldene), and others;

  
  


• 
  

  medicines used to treat ulcerative colitis, such as mesalamine (Pentasa) or sulfasalazine (Azulfidine);

  
  


• 
  

  medicines used to prevent organ transplant rejection, such as cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune), sirolimus (Rapamune) or tacrolimus (Prograf);

  
  


• 
  

  IV antibiotics such as amphotericin B (Fungizone, AmBisome, Amphotec, Abelcet), amikacin (Amikin), bacitracin (Baci-IM), capreomycin (Capastat), gentamicin (Garamycin), kanamycin (Kantrex), streptomycin, or vancomycin (Vancocin, Vancoled);

  
  


• 
  

  antiviral medicines such as adefovir (Hepsera), cidofovir (Vistide), or foscarnet (Foscavir); or

  
  


• 
  

  cancer medicine such as aldesleukin (Proleukin), carmustine (BiCNU, Gliadel), cisplatin (Platinol), ifosfamide (Ifex), oxaliplatin (Eloxatin), streptozocin (Zanosar), or tretinoin (Vesanoid).

  
  

This list is not complete and other drugs may interact with immune globulin. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

More Carimune resources

• Carimune Side Effects (in more detail)
• Carimune Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Carimune Drug Interactions
• Carimune Support Group
• 0 Reviews for Carimune - Add your own review/rating

Compare Carimune with other medications

• Autoimmune Neutropenia
• Bone Marrow Transplantation
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
• Evan's Syndrome
• HIV Infection
• Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
• Kawasaki Disease
• Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis
• Primary Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist can provide more information about immune globulin intravenous.

See also: Carimune side effects (in more detail)

Cardizem

Pronunciation: dil-TYE-a-zem
Generic Name: Diltiazem
Brand Name: Cardizem

Cardizem is used for:

Treating supraventricular tachycardia, a rhythm disturbance of the heart. It is also used for controlling heart rate response to other rhythm disturbances, specifically atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Cardizem is a calcium channel blocker. It works by slowing the electrical conduction in the heart, slowing heart rate, and/or normalizing heart rhythm.

Do NOT use Cardizem if:

• you are allergic to any ingredient in Cardizem


• you have certain heart problems (eg, sick sinus syndrome, second- or third-degree heart block) and do not have a pacemaker, or you have very low blood pressure


• you have atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter and a pre-excitation syndrome (extra conduction pathway in the heart), such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) or Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL)


• you are receiving an injectable beta-blocker (eg, metoprolol) or erythromycin

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Cardizem:

Some medical conditions may interact with Cardizem. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

• if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding


• if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement


• if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances


• if you have heart failure, a recent heart attack with lung congestion, heart block, a very slow heart rate, abnormal heart rhythm, or other heart problems


• if you have low blood pressure or kidney or liver disease


• if you are taking other medicines for high blood pressure or heart conditions

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Cardizem. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

• Antiarrhythmics (eg, amiodarone, dronedarone), cimetidine, clonidine, HIV protease inhibitors (eg, atazanavir, indinavir), or tricyclic antidepressants (eg, desipramine) because they may increase the risk of Cardizem's side effects, such as heart rhythm problems


• Benzodiazepines (eg, midazolam), beta-blockers (eg, metoprolol), buspirone, carbamazepine, cilostazol, cisapride, colchicine, corticosteroids (eg, prednisone), cyclosporine, digoxin, everolimus, fentanyl, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (eg, atorvastatin), hydantoins (eg, phenytoin), lurasidone, macrolide antibiotics (eg, erythromycin), macrolide immunomodulators (eg, tacrolimus), nifedipine, quinidine, ranolazine, theophylline, or vasopressin antagonists (eg, tolvaptan) because the risk of their side effects, some potentially life-threatening, may be increased by Cardizem


• Moricizine or rifamycins (eg, rifampin) because they may decrease Cardizem's effectiveness

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Cardizem may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Cardizem:

Use Cardizem as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• Cardizem is usually given as an injection at your doctor's office, hospital, or clinic. If you will be using Cardizem at home, a health care provider will teach you how to use it. Be sure you understand how to use Cardizem. Follow the procedures you are taught when you use a dose. Contact your health care provider if you have any questions.


• Do not use Cardizem if it contains particles, is cloudy or discolored, or if the vial is cracked or damaged.


• Keep this product, as well as syringes and needles, out of the reach of children and pets. Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Ask your health care provider how to dispose of these materials after use. Follow all local rules for disposal.


• If you miss a dose of Cardizem, use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not use 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Cardizem.

Important safety information:

• Cardizem may cause dizziness or drowsiness. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Cardizem with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.


• Cardizem may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting; alcohol, hot weather, exercise, or fever may increase these effects. To prevent them, sit up or stand slowly, especially in the morning. Sit or lie down at the first sign of any of these effects.


• Do NOT use more than the recommended dose or stop using Cardizem without checking with your doctor.


• Cardizem may cause you to become sunburned more easily. Avoid the sun, sunlamps, or tanning booths until you know how you react to Cardizem. Use a sunscreen or wear protective clothing if you must be outside for more than a short time.


• Tell your doctor or dentist that you take Cardizem before you receive any medical or dental care, emergency care, or surgery.


• Lab tests, including electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate, and blood pressure monitoring, may be performed while you use Cardizem. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.


• Use Cardizem with caution in the ELDERLY; they may be more sensitive to its effects, especially swelling of the ankles, feet, or hands; dizziness; and slow heartbeat.


• Cardizem should not be used in CHILDREN; safety and effectiveness in children have not been confirmed.


• PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Cardizem while you are pregnant. Cardizem is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Cardizem.

Possible side effects of Cardizem:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Constipation; dizziness; facial flushing; headache; lightheadedness; tiredness; weakness.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue; unusual hoarseness); chest pain; fainting; fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat; fever, chills, or sore throat; hallucinations; mood or mental changes; personality changes; reddened, blistered, or swollen skin; severe or persistent dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, or vomiting; shortness of breath; sudden weight gain; swelling of the feet, ankles, or hands; symptoms of liver problems (eg, dark urine, pale stools, yellowing of the skin or eyes); tender, bleeding, or swollen gums; unusual bleeding or bruising; unusual or persistent tiredness or weakness; vision changes.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: Cardizem side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include confusion; difficulty breathing, especially when lying down; dizziness; drowsiness; fainting; lightheadedness, especially when standing; loss of consciousness; nausea; nervousness; slurred speech; unusual weakness; very slow heart rate.

Proper storage of Cardizem:

Store Cardizem at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C). Do not freeze. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Cardizem out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

• If you have any questions about Cardizem, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.


• Cardizem is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.


• If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.


• Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Cardizem. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Cardizem resources

• Cardizem Side Effects (in more detail)
• Cardizem Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Cardizem Drug Interactions
• Cardizem Support Group
• 6 Reviews for Cardizem - Add your own review/rating

• Cardizem Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Cardizem Consumer Overview


• Cardizem Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Diltiazem Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Cardizem CD Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Cardizem LA Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Cartia XT Prescribing Information (FDA)


• DILT-CD Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Dilacor XR Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Dilt-XR Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Diltia XT Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Diltiazem Hydrochloride Monograph (AHFS DI)


• Matzim LA Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Taztia XT Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Tiazac Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Tiazac Consumer Overview

Compare Cardizem with other medications

• Angina Pectoris Prophylaxis
• Atrial Fibrillation
• Atrial Flutter
• Heart Failure
• High Blood Pressure
• Raynaud's Syndrome
• Supraventricular Tachycardia

Cardioquin

Generic Name: quinidine (Oral route, Injection route, Intramuscular route)

KWIN-i-deen

Oral route(Tablet, Extended Release)

Many trials of antiarrhythmic therapy for non-life threatening arrhythmias, has resulted in increased mortality; the risk of active therapy is probably greatest in patients with structural heart disease. In the case of quinidine used to prevent or defer recurrence of atrial flutter/fibrillation, meta-analysis data has shown that the mortality associated with the use of quinidine was more than three times greater than placebo. Another meta-analysis showed that in patients with various non-life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, the mortality associated with the use of quinidine was consistently greater than that associated with the use of any of a variety of alternative antiarrhythmics .

Oral route(Tablet)

Many trials of antiarrhythmic therapy for non-life threatening arrhythmias, has resulted in increased mortality; the risk of active therapy is probably greatest in patients with structural heart disease. In the case of quinidine used to prevent or defer recurrence of atrial flutter/fibrillation, meta-analysis data has shown that the mortality associated with the use of quinidine was more than three times greater than placebo. Another meta-analysis showed that in patients with various non-life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, the mortality associated with the use of quinidine was consistently greater than that associated with the use of any of a variety of alternative antiarrhythmics .

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• Cardioquin


• Quinaglute


• Quinalan


• Quinidex Extentabs

Available Dosage Forms:

• Tablet


• Tablet, Extended Release


• Capsule


• Solution

Therapeutic Class: Antiarrhythmic, Group IA

Chemical Class: Cinchona Alkaloid

Uses For Cardioquin

Quinidine is used to treat abnormal heart rhythms. It is also used to treat malaria.

Do not confuse this medicine with quinine, which, although related, has different medical uses.

Quinidine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using Cardioquin

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Quinidine has not been widely studied in children; however, it is used in children to treat abnormal heart rhythms and to treat malaria. Children may be able to take higher doses than adults and may have fewer side effects (such as vomiting, loss of appetite, and diarrhea) than adults.

Geriatric

Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults. Although there is no specific information comparing use of quinidine in the elderly with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults. However, quinidine may remain in the bodies of older adults longer than it does in younger adults, which may increase the risk of side effects and which may require lower doses.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

Studies in women suggest that this medication poses minimal risk to the infant when used during breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.

• Aurothioglucose


• Bepridil


• Cisapride


• Dronedarone


• Grepafloxacin


• Itraconazole


• Levomethadyl


• Mesoridazine


• Nelfinavir


• Pimozide


• Posaconazole


• Ritonavir


• Saquinavir


• Sparfloxacin


• Terfenadine


• Thioridazine


• Tipranavir


• Voriconazole


• Ziprasidone

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Acetazolamide


• Ajmaline


• Alfuzosin


• Amiodarone


• Amitriptyline


• Amoxapine


• Amprenavir


• Apomorphine


• Aprindine


• Arbutamine


• Arsenic Trioxide


• Asenapine


• Astemizole


• Atazanavir


• Atracurium


• Azithromycin


• Boceprevir


• Chloral Hydrate


• Chloroquine


• Ciprofloxacin


• Citalopram


• Clarithromycin


• Clomipramine


• Colchicine


• Crizotinib


• Darunavir


• Dasatinib


• Decamethonium


• Delavirdine


• Desipramine


• Digitoxin


• Digoxin


• Disopyramide


• Dofetilide


• Dolasetron


• Doxepin


• Droperidol


• Enflurane


• Erythromycin


• Etravirine


• Flecainide


• Fluconazole


• Fosamprenavir


• Foscarnet


• Gatifloxacin


• Gemifloxacin


• Granisetron


• Halofantrine


• Haloperidol


• Halothane


• Hydroquinidine


• Ibutilide


• Imipramine


• Infliximab


• Isoflurane


• Isradipine


• Lanreotide


• Lapatinib


• Levofloxacin


• Lidocaine


• Lidoflazine


• Lopinavir


• Lorcainide


• Lumefantrine


• Mefloquine


• Methadone


• Mexiletine


• Moxifloxacin


• Nalidixic Acid


• Nilotinib


• Norfloxacin


• Nortriptyline


• Octreotide


• Ofloxacin


• Ondansetron


• Paliperidone


• Pancuronium


• Pazopanib


• Pentamidine


• Perflutren Lipid Microsphere


• Pirmenol


• Prajmaline


• Prilocaine


• Probucol


• Procainamide


• Prochlorperazine


• Propafenone


• Protriptyline


• Quetiapine


• Quinidine


• Quinine


• Ranolazine


• Salmeterol


• Sodium Phosphate


• Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic


• Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic


• Solifenacin


• Sorafenib


• Sotalol


• Spiramycin


• Succinylcholine


• Sulfamethoxazole


• Sunitinib


• Telaprevir


• Telavancin


• Telithromycin


• Tetrabenazine


• Toremifene


• Trazodone


• Trifluoperazine


• Trimethoprim


• Trimipramine


• Tubocurarine


• Vandetanib


• Vardenafil


• Vasopressin


• Vecuronium


• Vemurafenib


• Zolmitriptan

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Abarelix


• Amiloride


• Aripiprazole


• Atenolol


• Cimetidine


• Clozapine


• Dalfopristin


• Dextromethorphan


• Dicumarol


• Fosphenytoin


• Galantamine


• Ketoconazole


• Magaldrate


• Magnesium Carbonate


• Magnesium Hydroxide


• Magnesium Oxide


• Magnesium Trisilicate


• Metoprolol


• Nifedipine


• Nisoldipine


• Paroxetine


• Phenobarbital


• Phenytoin


• Propranolol


• Quinupristin


• Rifapentine


• Timolol


• Tolterodine


• Tramadol


• Verapamil

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following may cause an increased risk of certain side effects but may be unavoidable in some cases. If used together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use this medicine, or give you special instructions about the use of food, alcohol, or tobacco.

• Grapefruit Juice

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Electrolyte disorders—Quinidine may worsen heart rhythm problems

• Heart disease or


• Myasthenia gravis—Quinidine may make these conditions worse

• Kidney disease or


• Liver disease—Effects may be increased because of slower removal of quinidine from the body

Proper Use of quinidine

This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain quinidine. It may not be specific to Cardioquin. Please read with care.

Take this medicine exactly as directed. Do not take more of this medicine and do not take it more often than your doctor ordered. Do not miss any doses.

Taking quinidine with food may help lessen stomach upset.

For patients taking the extended-release tablet form of this medicine:

• Quinidex Extentabs or Biquin Durules—Swallow the tablets whole; do not break, crush, or chew before swallowing. Note that Biquin Durules may sometimes appear as a whole tablet in the stool; this tablet is just the empty shell that is left after the medicine has been absorbed into the body.


• Quinaglute Duratabs or Quin-Release—These tablets may be broken in half; however, they should not be crushed or chewed before swallowing.

Dosing

The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

• For regular (short-acting) oral dosage form (tablets):
  
  • For abnormal heart rhythm:
    
    • Adults—200 to 650 milligrams (mg) three or four times a day.
    
    
    • Children—30 to 40 mg per kilogram (kg) (13.6 to 18.2 mg per pound) of body weight per day. Your doctor may increase the dose if needed.
    
    
  
  


• For long-acting oral dosage form (tablets):
  
  • For abnormal heart rhythm:
    
    • Adults—300 to 660 mg every eight to twelve hours.
    
    
    • Children—30 to 40 mg per kilogram (kg) (13.6 to 18.2 mg per pound) of body weight per day. Your doctor may increase the dose if needed.
    
    
  
  


• For injection dosage form:
  
  • For abnormal heart rhythm:
    
    • Adults—190 to 380 mg injected into the muscle every two to four hours. Or, up to 0.25 mg per kg (0.11 mg per pound) of body weight per minute in a solution injected into a vein.
    
    
    • Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  
  • For malaria:
    
    • Adults—10 mg per kg (4.54 mg per pound) of body weight in a solution injected slowly into a vein over one to two hours. Then, 0.02 mg per kg (0.009 mg per pound) of body weight per minute is given. Or, 24 mg per kg (10.91 mg per pound) of body weight in a solution injected slowly into a vein over a four-hour period. Then, eight hours after the first dose, 12 mg per kg (5.45 mg per pound) of body weight, injected slowly into a vein over a four-hour period, and repeated every eight hours.
    
    
    • Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Precautions While Using Cardioquin

It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure that the quinidine is working properly and does not cause unwanted effects.

Do not stop taking this medicine without first checking with your doctor, to avoid possible worsening of your condition.

Before having any kind of surgery (including dental surgery) or emergency treatment, tell the medical doctor or dentist in charge that you are taking this medicine.

Dizziness or lightheadedness may occur with this medicine, especially when you get up from a lying or sitting position. Getting up slowly may help.

Fainting may occur with this medicine. Do not drive or do anything else that could be dangerous if fainting occurs.

. Check with your doctor immediately if you faint or experience other side effects with this medicine.

Your doctor may want you to carry a medical identification card or bracelet stating that you are using this medicine.

Cardioquin Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

Less common

• Abdominal pain and/or yellow eyes or skin


• blurred and/or double vision, confusion, delirium, disturbed color perception, headache, noises or ringing in the ear, and/or visual intolerance of light


• dizziness or lightheadedness


• fainting


• fever

Rare

• Chest pain, fever, general discomfort, joint pain, joint swelling, muscle pain, and/or skin rash


• nosebleeds or bleeding gums


• unusual tiredness or weakness and/or pale skin

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common

• Diarrhea


• loss of appetite


• muscle weakness


• nausea or vomiting

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Cardioquin side effects (in more detail)

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

More Cardioquin resources

• Cardioquin Side Effects (in more detail)
• Cardioquin Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Cardioquin Drug Interactions
• Cardioquin Support Group
• 0 Reviews for Cardioquin - Add your own review/rating

• Quin-G Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)


• Quin-Release Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)


• Quinidine Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Quinidine Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)


• Quinidine Gluconate Monograph (AHFS DI)

Compare Cardioquin with other medications

• Arrhythmia
• Malaria

Cardene

Generic Name: Nicardipine
Class: Dihydropyridines
VA Class: CV200
CAS Number: 54527-84-3

Introduction

Calcium-channel blocking agent; dihydropyridine-derivative.¹

Uses for Cardene

Hypertension

Oral management of hypertension (alone or in combination with other classes of antihypertensive agents).^{1 2 3 70}

Therapy with extended-release capsules is preferred because of less frequent dosing, potentially smoother blood pressure control,⁷⁰ and concerns raised by experience with short-acting (conventional, immediate-release) nifedipine.^{35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 61 70 72 73}

One of several preferred initial therapies in hypertensive patients with a high risk of developing CAD, including those with diabetes mellitus.⁹⁴

Can be used as monotherapy for initial management of uncomplicated hypertension; however, thiazide diuretics are preferred by JNC 7.⁹⁴

IV, short-term management of hypertension when oral therapy is not feasible or desirable.¹⁸

IV management of hypertensive crises (e.g., emergencies) in adults.^{18 70}

IV, rapid reduction of BP in the management of hypertensive urgencies or emergencies in pediatric patients 1–17 years of age.†⁹⁹

Angina

Management of chronic stable angina pectoris (alone or in combination with other antianginal agents).^{1 3 25}

Cardene Dosage and Administration

Administration

Administer orally^{1 2 5} or by IV infusion.^{18 22 23}

Oral Administration

Conventional Capsules

Administer orally 3 times daily.¹

Extended-release Capsules

Administer orally twice daily.²

IV Administration

For solution and drug compatibility information, see Compatibility under Stability.

Administer by slow, continuous IV infusion.^{18 22 23}

If administered via a peripheral vein, change infusion site every 12 hours to minimize risk of venous irritation.¹⁸

Monitor BP closely during and after completion of IV administration; avoid rapid or excessive reduction in systolic or diastolic BP.^{18 70}

Dilution

Dilute each 25 mg ampule with 240 mL of a compatible IV solution (see Solution Compatibility under Stability) to provide a solution containing 0.1 mg/mL.^{18 c}

Dosage

Available as nicardipine hydrochloride; dosage is expressed in terms of the salt.^{a b c}

Pediatric Patients

Hypertensive Urgencies or Emergencies†

Rapid Reduction of BP†

IV

Children and adolescents 1–17 years of age: 1–3 mcg/kg per minute as infusion.⁹⁹

Adults

Hypertension

Conventional Capsules

Oral

Initially, 20 mg 3 times daily.^{1 5}

Adjust dosage according to patient’s peak (approximately 1–2 hours after dosing, particularly during initiation of therapy) and trough (8 hours after dosing) BP responses, but generally no more frequently than at 3-day intervals.¹

Usual dosage is 20–40 mg 3 times daily.¹

Extended-Release Capsules

Oral

Initially, 30 mg twice daily.^{2 70}

Adjust dosage according to BP response 2–4 hours after dosing as well as just prior to next dose.²

Usual dosage range is 30–60 mg twice daily.²

Switching to Extended-Release Capsules

Oral

Total daily dose of conventional tablets not a useful guide to judging effective dose of extended-release capsules.^{2 c} However, may administer the currently effective total daily dose of conventional capsules and adjust dosage according to BP response.^{2 c}

Short-term Management with IV Therapy

IV

Initially, 5 mg/hour.^{18 70}

If target BP is not achieved, increase rate by 2.5 mg/hour every 15 minutes, up to 15 mg/hour.^{18 70}

For more rapid reduction, initially, 5 mg/hour. If the target BP is not achieved, increase rate by 2.5 mg/hour every 5 minutes, up to 15 mg/hour.^{18 70}

Following achievement of desired BP response, decrease rate to 3 mg/hour;¹⁸ adjust rate as necessary to maintain desired BP reponse.¹⁸

Conversion From Oral to IV Therapy

IV

Recommended Infusion Rates for Patients Previously Maintained on Oral Therapy.

Oral Dosage (as Conventional Capsules)	Equivalent IV Infusion Rates
20 mg every 8 hours	0.5 mg/hour
30 mg every 8 hours	1.2 mg/hour
40 mg every 8 hours	2.2 mg/hour

Hypertensive Emergency

IV

5–15 mg/hour; adjust according to BP response and tolerance.⁷⁰

Initially, reduce mean arterial BP by no more than 25% within minutes to 1 hour, then further reduce if stable toward 160/100 to 110 mm Hg within the next 2–6 hours, avoiding excessive declines in pressure that could precipitate renal, cerebral, or coronary ischemia.⁷⁰

If patient is stable, can further reduce BP toward normal in the next 24–48 hours.⁹⁸

Angina

Conventional Capsules

Oral

Initially, 20 mg 3 times daily.^{1 5} Adjust dosage according to patient tolerance and response at ≥3-day intervals.¹

Usual dosage range is 20–40 mg 3 times daily.¹

Prescribing Limits

Adults

Hypertension

IV

15 mg/hour.^{18 70}

Special Populations

Hepatic Impairment

Conventional capsules: Initially, 20 mg twice daily in patients with severe hepatic impairment.¹ Individualize dosage, but maintain a twice-daily dosing schedule.¹

IV infusion: Consider dosage reduction.¹⁸ Use with caution in patients with portal hypertension.¹⁸

Renal Impairment

Conventional capsules: Initially, 20 mg 3 times daily.^{1 5} Titrate dosage carefully.¹

Extended-release capsules: Initially, 30 mg twice daily.² Titrate dosage carefully.²

IV infusion: Titrate dosage carefully.¹⁸

Geriatric Patients

Cautious dosing recommended.^{a b} For conventional and extended-release capsules, initiate therapy at low end of dosage range.^{20 68}

Cautions for Cardene

Contraindications

• 
  

  Known hypersensitivity to nicardipine or any ingredient in the formulation.^{1 2 18}

  
  


• 
  

  Advanced aortic stenosis, since reduction in diastolic pressure may worsen myocardial oxygen balance.^{1 2 18}

  
  

Warnings/Precautions

Warnings

Increased Angina

Increased frequency, duration, and severity of angina upon initiation or dosage increase of calcium channel blockers.^{1 2 18}

CHF

Use with caution in patients with CHF or substantial left ventricular dysfunction, especially in those receiving concomitant β-adrenergic blocking agents.^{1 2 18}

β-Blocker Withdrawal

Taper dosage of β-adrenergic blocking agent, preferably over 8–10 days before initiation of nicardipine.^{1 2 18} Nicardipine is not a β-adrenergic blocking agent and offers no protection against abrupt withdrawal of these agents.^{1 2 18}

General Precautions

Hypotension

Possible symptomatic hypotension from decreased peripheral resistance.^{1 2 18} Use with caution in patients with acute cerebral infarction or hemorrhage; avoid systemic hypotension in these patients.^{1 2 18}

Monitor BP carefully, especially during initiation of therapy or upward adjustment of dosage.¹

Pheochromocytoma

Limited clinical experience in patients with hypertension associated with pheochromocytoma.¹⁸ Use with caution.¹⁸

Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Category C.^{1 2 18}

Lactation

Distributed into milk in high concentrations in rats.^{1 2 18} Use not recommended.^{1 2 18}

Pediatric Use

Safety and efficacy not established in children <18 years of age.^{1 2 18}

Use with caution for rapid reduction of BP in pediatric patients 1–17 years of age†; may cause reflex tachycardia.⁹⁹

Geriatric Use

Insufficient experience in patients ≥65 years of age to determine whether geriatric patients respond differently than younger adults.^{a b} Select dosage with caution; initiate dosage at lower end of recommended range.^{a b}

Hepatic Impairment

Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment or reduced hepatic blood flow; dosage adjustments recommended.^{1 2 18 24} (See Hepatic Impairment under Dosage and Administration.)

Use of extended-release capsules has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment.²

Renal Impairment

Use with caution; careful dosage titration recommended.^{1 2 18} (See Renal Impairment under Dosage and Administration.)

Common Adverse Effects

With oral therapy, pedal edema, dizziness, headache, asthenia, flushing, increased angina, vasodilation, palpitation.^{a b}

With IV therapy, headache, hypotension, nausea/vomiting, tachycardia.^c

Interactions for Cardene

Specific Drugs

Drug	Interaction	Comments
Antacids (magnesium hydroxide)	Pharmacokinetic interaction unlikely1 2 18
β-Adrenergic blockers (e.g., propranolol)	Pharmacokinetic interaction (e.g., effect on plasma protein binding of nicardipine) unlikely1 2 18
Cimetidine	Increased plasma nicardipine concentrations1 2 18	Monitor carefully1 2 18
Cyclosporine	Increased plasma cyclosporine concentrations1 2 18	Monitor plasma cyclosporine concentrations closely and adjust dosage accordingly1 2 18
Digoxin	Potential for increased plasma digoxin concentrations1 2 18	Monitor serum digoxin concentrations1 2 18
Dipyridamole	No effect on plasma protein binding of nicardipine1 2 18
Fentanyl	Potential for severe hypotension with concomitant use of a β-adrenergic blocker and a calcium channel blocker1 2 18	Increase circulating fluid volume if hypotension occurs1 2 18
Furosemide	No effect on plasma protein binding of nicardipine1 2 18
Naproxen	No effect on plasma protein binding of nicardipine1 2 18
Quinidine	No effect on plasma protein binding of nicardipine1 2 18
Warfarin	No effect on plasma protein binding of nicardipine1 2 18

Cardene Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Bioavailability

Completely absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration; peak plasma concentrations of conventional and extended-release capsules are attained within 0.5–2 and 1–4 hours, respectively.^{1 2}

Minimum plasma levels of equivalent doses of conventional and extended-release capsules are similar.²

Bioavailability of conventional capsules is about 35%;^{1 2} extended-release capsules have a slightly lower bioavailability, except at the highest doses.²

Food

High-fat meal decreases bioavailability of conventional and extended-release capsules.^{1 2}

Special Populations

In patients with severe hepatic impairment, peak plasma concentrations and AUC increased by 1.8 and 4-fold, respectively, and terminal half-life prolonged to 19 hours.^{1 2}

In patients with moderate renal impairment, peak plasma concentrations and AUC increased by 2- to 3-fold following administration of conventional or extended-release capsules.^{1 2}

Distribution

Extent

Distributed into milk in rats.^{1 2}

Plasma Protein Binding

>95%.^{1 2 18}

Elimination

Metabolism

Extensively metabolized in the liver.^{1 2 18}

Elimination Route

Excreted in urine (49–60%) and feces (35–43%).^{1 2 18}

Half-life

Multi-phasic; terminal elimination half-life is 8.6 and 14.4 hours following oral and IV administration, respectively.^{1 2 18}

Stability

Storage

Oral

Conventional Capsules and Extended-release Capsules

Light resistant containers at 15–30°C.^{a b}

Parenteral

Injection

20–25°C; protect from light.^c Avoid exposure to increased temperatures.^c

Compatibility

For information on systemic interactions resulting from concomitant use, see Interactions.

Parenteral

Solution Compatibility^HID

Compatible
Dextrose 5% in sodium chloride 0.45% or 0.9%
Dextrose 5% in water with potassium chloride 0.3%
Sodium chloride 0.9%
Incompatible
Sodium bicarbonate 5%
Variable
Dextrose 5% in Ringer’s injection, lactated
Dextrose 5% in water
Ringer’s injection, lactated
Sodium chloride 0.45%

Drug Compatibility^HID

Admixture Compatibility

Compatible
Potassium chloride 40 mEq

Y-Site CompatibilityHID

Compatible
Amikacin sulfate
Aminophylline
Aztreonam
Butorphanol tartrate
Calcium gluconate
Cefazolin sodium
Ceftizoxime sodium
Chloramphenicol sodium succinate
Cimetidine HCl
Clindamycin phosphate
Co-trimoxazole
Dextran 40 in dextrose 5%
Diltiazem HCl
Dobutamine HCl
Dopamine HCl
Enalaprilat
Epinephrine HCl
Erythromycin lactobionate
Esmolol HCl
Famotidine
Fenoldopam mesylate
Fentanyl citrate
Gentamicin sulfate
Hetastarch in sodium chloride 0.9%
Hydrocortisone sodium succinate
Hydromorphone HCl
Labetalol HCl
Lidocaine HCl
Linezolid
Lorazepam
Magnesium sulfate
Methylprednisolone sodium succinate
Metronidazole
Midazolam HCl
Milrinone lactate
Morphine sulfate
Nafcillin sodium
Nitroglycerin
Norepinephrine bitartrate
Normosol R
Penicillin G potassium
Plasma-Lyte A
Potassium chloride
Potassium phosphates
Ranitidine HCl
Sodium acetate
Sodium nitroprusside
Tobramycin sulfate
Vancomycin HCl
Vecuronium bromide
Incompatible
Ampicillin sodium
Ampicillin sodium-sulbactam sodium
Cefepime HCI
Furosemide
Lansoprazole
Thiopental sodium
Variable
Ceftazidime
Heparin sodium

ActionsActions

• 
  

  Inhibits transmembrane influx of extracellular calcium ions across the membranes of myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, without changing serum calcium calcium concentrations.^{a b c}

  
  


• 
  

  Peripheral arterial vasodilator; acts directly on vascular smooth muscle causing reduction in peripheral vascular resistance (afterload) and BP.^{a b c}

  
  

Advice to Patients

• 
  

  Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs, as well as any concomitant illnesses.^{1 2 18}

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of women informing clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.^{1 2 18}

  
  


• 
  

  Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information.^{1 2 18} (See Cautions.)

  
  

Preparations

Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.

* available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name

Nicardipine Hydrochloride

Routes	Dosage Forms	Strengths	Brand Names	Manufacturer
Oral	Capsules	20 mg*	Cardene	Roche
			Nicardipine Hydrochloride	Mylan, IVAX, Par, Teva
		30 mg*	Cardene	Roche
			Nicardipine Hydrochloride	Mylan, IVAX, Par, Teva
	Capsules, extended-release	30 mg	Cardene SR	Roche
		45 mg	Cardene SR	Roche
		60 mg	Cardene SR	Roche
Parenteral	For injection, concentrate, for IV infusion	2.5 mg/mL	Cardene I.V. (with sorbitol)	PDL Biopharma

Comparative Pricing

This pricing information is subject to change at the sole discretion of DS Pharmacy. This pricing information was updated 03/2011. Actual costs to patients will vary depending on the use of specific retail or mail-order locations and health insurance copays.

Cardene 20MG Capsules (ROCHE): 90/$69.99 or 270/$189.96

Cardene 30MG Capsules (ROCHE): 90/$99.99 or 270/$282.96

Cardene SR 30MG 12-hr Capsules (EKR THERAPEUTICS): 60/$105.99 or 180/$305.98

Cardene SR 45MG 12-hr Capsules (EKR THERAPEUTICS): 60/$169.98 or 180/$499.97

NiCARdipine HCl 20MG Capsules (MYLAN): 90/$45.99 or 270/$120.97

NiCARdipine HCl 30MG Capsules (TEVA PHARMACEUTICALS USA): 90/$32.99 or 270/$81.96

Disclaimer

This report on medications is for your information only, and is not considered individual patient advice. Because of the changing nature of drug information, please consult your physician or pharmacist about specific clinical use.

The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com represent that the information provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com make no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such information and specifically disclaims all such warranties. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and the information is provided for informational purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a thorough understanding of the drug's actions, uses and side effects. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com do not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information is not a substitute for medical care.

AHFS Drug Information. © Copyright, 1959-2011, Selected Revisions August 2007. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 7272 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.

† Use is not currently included in the labeling approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

References

1. Syntex Laboratories, Inc. Cardene (nicardipine hydrochloride) capsules prescribing information. Palo Alto CA; 1992 Jul.

2. Syntex Laboratories, Inc. Cardene SR (nicardipine hydrochloride) sustained release capsules prescribing information. Palo Alto CA; 1992 Jan.

3. Freedman DD, Waters DD. Second generation dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. Greater vascular selectivity and some unique applications. Drugs. 1987; 34:578-98. [IDIS 236664] [PubMed 3319491]

4. Murdoch D, Heel RC. Amlodipine : a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in cardiovascular disease. Drugs. 1991; 41:478-505. [PubMed 1711448]

5. Sorkin EM, Clissold SP. Nicardipine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy, in the treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension and related cardiovascular disorders. Drugs. 1987; 33:296-345. [IDIS 236761] [PubMed 3297616]

6. Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The 1988 report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1988; 148:1023-38. [IDIS 242588] [PubMed 3365073]

7. Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The 1984 report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1984; 144:1045-57. [IDIS 184763] [PubMed 6143542]

8. Syntex Laboratories, Inc, Palo Alto, CA: (personal observations).

9. Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corp. DynaCirc (isradipine) capsules prescribing information. East Hanover, NJ; 1992 Jun.

10. Lopez LM, Santiago TM. Isradipine—another calcium-channel blocker for the treatment of hypertension and angina. Ann Pharmacother. 1992; 26:789-99. [IDIS 298260] [PubMed 1535246]

11. Fitton A, Benfield P. Isradipine: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in cardiovascular disease. Drugs. 1990; 40:31-74. [PubMed 2143980]

12. Walton T, Symes LR. Felodipine and isradipine: new calcium-channel blocking agents for the treatment of hypertension. Clin Pharm. 1993; 12:261-75. [IDIS 311530] [PubMed 8458178]

13. Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The fifth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC V). Arch Intern Med. 1993; 153:154-83. [IDIS 309043] [PubMed 8422206]

14. Prisant LM, Carr AA, Nelson EB et al. Isradipine vs propranolol in hydrochlorothiazide-treated hypertensives: a multicenter evaluation. Arch Intern Med. 1989; 149:2453-7. [IDIS 260612] [PubMed 2530945]

15. Anon. Isradipine for hypertension. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1991; 33:51-4. [PubMed 1827655]

16. Alderman MH. Which antihypertensive drugs first—and why! JAMA. 1992; 267:2786-7. Editorial.

17. Weber MA, Laragh JH. Hypertension: steps forward and steps backward: the Joint National Committee fifth report. Arch Intern Med. 1993; 153:149-52. [PubMed 8422205]

18. PDL Biopharma. Cardene I.V. (nicardipine hydrochloride) prescribing information. Philadelphia PA; 2006 Jan.

19. Fagan TC, Tyler ED, Reitman MA et al. Sustained-release nicardipine in mild-to-moderate hypertension. Chest. 1993; 104:427-33. [IDIS 319803] [PubMed 8339631]

20. Frampton JE, Faulds D. Nicardipine. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in older patients. Drugs Aging. 1993; 3:165-87. [PubMed 8477149]

21. Bosch X, Sobrino J, Lopez-Soto A et al. Parotitis due to nicardipine. BMJ. 1992; 304:882. [IDIS 294759] [PubMed 1392752]

22. IV Nicardipine Study Group. Efficacy and safety of intravenous nicardipine in the control of postoperative hypertension. Chest. 1991; 99:393-8. [IDIS 283340] [PubMed 1989801]

23. Wallin JD, Fletcher E, Ram VS et al. Intravenous nicardipine for the treatment of severe hypertension. A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Arch Intern Med. 1989; 149:2662-9. [IDIS 264762] [PubMed 2688586]

24. Razak TA, McNeil JJ, Sewel RB et al. The effect of hepatic cirrhosis on the pharmacokinetics and blood pressure response to nicardipine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1990; 47:463-9. [IDIS 267303] [PubMed 2328554]

25. Sklar J, Dennish GW III, Glode J et al. Usefulness of nicardipine as monotherapy for chronic, stable angina. Am J Cardiol. 1989; 63:1203-7. [IDIS 255507] [PubMed 2711990]

26. Eicher JC, Chalopin JM, Tanter Y et al. Nicardipine and urinary retention. JAMA. 1987; 258:3388. [IDIS 236430] [PubMed 3682133]

27. Dubois C, Blanchard D. Efficacy and safety of nicardipine in 29,104 patients with hypertension. Clin Ther. 1989; 11:452-60. [PubMed 2673515]

28. Nami R, Caruso D, Dormi A et al. Efficacy and tolerability of nicardipine slow release and enalapril in elderly hypertensive patients: results of a multicenter study. Curr Ther Res. 1993; 54:221-31.

29. Kubota K, Pearce GL, Inman WHW. Vasodilation-related adverse events in diltiazem and dihydropyridine calcium antagonists studied by prescription-event monitoring. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1995; 48:1-7. [IDIS 347118] [PubMed 7621840]

30. Jannet D, Carbonne B, Sebban E et al. Nicardipine versus metoprolol in the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy: a randomized comparative trial. Obstet Gynecol. 1994; 84:354-9. [IDIS 334071] [PubMed 8058230]

31. Carbonne B, Jannet D, Touboul C et al. Nicardipine treatment of hypertension during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1993; 81:908-14. [IDIS 314996] [PubMed 8497354]

32. Narváez M, Figueras A, Capellá D et al. Tinnitus with calcium-channel blockers. Lancet. 1994; 343:1229-30.

33. Agre K. An overview of the safety and efficacy of nicardipine in clinical trials. Am J Cardiol. 1987; 59:31J-5J. [IDIS 313618] [PubMed 3300239]

34. Ahmad S. Nicardipine-induced hyperglycemia. Am Fam Physician. 1992; 45:449,452. [PubMed 1739035]

35. Glasser SP, Clark PI, Lipicky RJ et al. Exposing patients with chronic, stable, exertional angina to placebo periods in drug trials. JAMA. 1991; 265:1550- 4. [PubMed 1671885]

36. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. NHLBI panel reviews safety of calcium channel blockers. Rockville, MD; 1995 Aug 31. Press release.

37. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. New analysis regarding the safety of calcium-channel blockers: a statement for health professionals from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Rockville, MD; 1995 Sep 1.

38. Anon. NHLBI panel stands by JNC V in response to Circulation CCB article; AIM report supports use of beta blockers for prevention of sudden cardiac death. F-D-C Rep. 1995; 57(Sep 4):3-4.

39. American Heart Association. Public advisory statement on calcium channel blocker drugs. Dallas, TX; 1995 Aug 28.

40. Psaty BM, Heckbert SR, Koepsell TD et al. The risk of myocardial infarction associated with antihypertensive drug therapies. JAMA. 1995; 274:620-5. [IDIS 352203] [PubMed 7637142]

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